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高质量发展 8

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Investigation on drilling-grinding of CFRP

Yanming QUAN, Wenwang ZHONG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第1期页码 60-63 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0008-y

摘要： It is difficult to machine polymer matrix composites reinforced by carbon fibre, and the hole-making process is the most necessary machining process for composite plate products. Conventional drills have a very short life in the drilling of this kind of composites and the quality of the hole is very poor. In this paper, the cemented or plated diamond core tools are tested to make holes in carbon fibre/epoxy composite plates. The effects of machining parameters, cooling and chip removal on the tool life, and the hole quality are investigated. Results indicate that the material removal mechanism of the two kinds of diamond tools is not like the cutting effect of the conventional solid twist drilling but similar to that of grinding. Satisfactory effects in making holes in the composites are obtained— quite acceptable machined hole quality, low costs, and long wear-resistant endurance.

关键词： composites drilling-grinding cemented/plated diamond tool life machined quality

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Predictive model to decouple the contributions of friction and plastic deformation to machined surface

Subhash ANURAG, Yuebin GUO,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第3期页码 247-255 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0097-7

摘要： Temperature on the machined surface is critical for surface integrity and the performance of a precision component. However, the temperature of a machined surface is challenging for in-situ measurement. Furthermore, the individual contribution of tool/work friction and plastic deformation of work materials to surface temperature is very difficult to quantify because the measured temperature is always the resultant temperature. This lack of understanding on the temperature distribution blocks the design of effective cutting tool geometries and materials to minimize surface temperature. This study provides a finite element method based on a predictive model to decouple the contributions of tool/work friction and material plastic deformation to surface temperature in a dry cutting process. The study shows that the plastic deformation of work material contributes to the majority of surface temperature, whereas the tool/work friction contribution is secondary. High temperatures are produced when more materials are plowed under the cutting edge. A large tool/work friction leads to higher surface temperatures, and the use of a cutting tool with physical properties in process simulation significantly improves the accuracy of predicted surface temperatures. Residual stress reversal from subsurface maximum residual to surface maximum residual stress may occur when tool/work friction increases.

关键词： surface temperature friction residual stress finite element analysis (FEA) dry cutting tool property

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基于分形和小波的几何型面加工误差综合分析

廖小云,唐倩,赵英,郑世泽

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第5期页码 75-78

摘要：

对几何型面加工误差提出并建立了基于分形和小波的综合分析方法，可以精细分析几何型面加工误差的微细成分，并重构出型面轮廓加工误差曲线，以便进行公差与性能关系分析以及加工过程质量监控等相关工作。应用实例表明，该方法是非常有效的。

关键词：机加工加工误差分析分形几何小波分析

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From total quality management to Quality 4.0: A systematic literature review and future research agenda

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 191-205 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0243-z

摘要： Quality 4.0 is an emerging concept that has been increasingly appreciated because of the intensification of competition, continually changing customer requirements and technological evolution. It deals with aligning quality management practices with the emergent capabilities of Industry 4.0 to improve cost, time, and efficiency and increase product quality. This article aims to comprehensively review extant studies related to Quality 4.0 to uncover current research trends, distil key research topics, and identify areas for future research. Thus, 46 journal articles extracted from the Scopus database from 2017 to 2022 were collected and reviewed. A descriptive analysis was first performed according to the year-wise publication, sources of publication, and research methods. Then, the selected articles were analyzed and classified according to four research themes: Quality 4.0 concept, Quality 4.0 implementation, quality management in Quality 4.0, and Quality 4.0 model and application. By extracting the literature review findings, we identify the Quality 4.0 definitions and features, develop the quality curve theory, and highlight future research opportunities. This study supports practitioners, managers, and academicians in effectively recognizing and applying Quality 4.0 to enhance customer satisfaction, achieve innovation enterprise efficiency, and increase organizational competitiveness in the era of Industry 4.0.

关键词： quality management Quality 4.0 Industry 4.0 literature review predictive quality

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Research and establishment of enterprise quality metadata standard

SONG Han, LI Jie, ZHANG Genbao

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第1期页码 106-110 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0019-0

摘要： Enabling quality managers to utilize and manage quality data efficiently under modern quality management circumstances is a primary issue for improving enterprise quality management. A concept of quality metadata is proposed in this paper, which can help quality managers gain a deeper understanding of various features of quality data and establish a more stable foundation for further use and management of such data. The procedure of establishing quality metadata standards is emphasized in the paper, and the content structure and description scheme are given. Finally, a summary is made and future work is prospected.

关键词： enterprise quality foundation description quality management primary

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变面积结构微机械电容式加速度传感器

李宝清,陆德仁,王渭源

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第2期页码 36-40

摘要：

文章首次报道了一种基于面积可变电容结构的微机械加速度传感器。质量块呈栅状结构，由悬臂梁支撑。两组交叉放置的定电极位于质量块的正下方。在惯性力的作用下，质量块呈平行于衬底水平移动，引起由质量块的栅与定电极的叉指构成的差分电容变化。通过测量差分电容的变化，可以得到加速信号的大小。理论分析表明加速度响应信号随面积呈线性变化，而与质量块及定电极的间距无关。加速度传感器的制作采用了基于金属电镀的准LIGA技术，设计量程为20m/s²。测量结果表明，加速度传感器量程为20m/s²，灵敏度为58.1mV/(m·s^-2)，非线性为4%FS。讨论了器件线性度不够理想的原因。

关键词：电容加速度传感器变面积

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Foxtail millet: nutritional and eating quality, and prospects for genetic improvement

Lu HE,Bin ZHANG,Xingchun WANG,Hongying LI,Yuanhuai HAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第2期页码 124-133 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015054

摘要： Foxtail millet is a minor yet important crop in some areas of the world, particularly northern China. It has strong adaptability to abiotic stresses, especially drought, and poor soil. It also has high nutritional value. Foxtail millet is rich in essential amino acids, fatty acids and minerals, and is considered to be one of the most digestible and non-allergenic grains available and has significant importance for human health. Given foxtail millet’s ability to adapt to abiotic stresses associated with climate change, it is more important than ever to develop breeding strategies that facilitate the increasing demand for high quality grain that better satisfies consumers. Here we review research on foxtail millet quality evaluation, appearance, cooking and eating quality at the phenotypic level. We review analysis of the main nutrients in foxtail millet, their relationships and the biochemical and genetic factors affecting their accumulation. In addition, we review past progress in breeding this regionally important crop, outline current status of breeding of foxtail millet, and make suggestions to improve grain quality.

关键词： foxtail millet grain quality quality evaluation breeding for quality

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Machinability of damage-tolerant titanium alloy in orthogonal turn-milling

Tao SUN, Lufang QIN, Junming HOU, Yucan FU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第3期页码 504-515 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0586-2

摘要： The damage-tolerant titanium alloy TC21 is used extensively in important parts of advanced aircraft because of its high strength and durability. However, cutting TC21 entails problems, such as high cutting temperature, high tool tip stress, rapid tool wear, and difficulty guaranteeing processing quality. Orthogonal turn-milling can be used to solve these problems. In this study, the machinability of TC21 in orthogonal turn-milling is investigated experimentally to optimize the cutting parameters of orthogonal turn-milling and improve the machining efficiency, tool life, and machining quality of TC21. The mechanism of the effect of turn-milling parameters on tool life is discussed, the relationship between each parameter and tool life is analyzed, and the failure process of a TiAlN-coated tool in turn-milling is explored. Experiments are conducted on the integrity of the machined surface (surface roughness, metallographic structure, and work hardening) by turn-milling, and how the parameters influence such integrity is analyzed. Then, reasonable cutting parameters for TC21 in orthogonal turn-milling are recommended. This study provides strong guidance for exploring the machinability of difficult-to-cut-materials in orthogonal turn-milling and improves the applicability of orthogonal turn-milling for such materials.

关键词： orthogonal turn-milling damage-tolerant titanium alloy tool life and failure machined surface integrity machinability

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A review of hydrological/water-quality models

Liangliang GAO,Daoliang LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 267-276 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014041

摘要： Water quality models are important in predicting the changes in surface water quality for environmental management. A range of water quality models are wildly used, but every model has its advantages and limitations for specific situations. The aim of this review is to provide a guide to researcher for selecting a suitable water quality model. Eight well known water quality models were selected for this review: SWAT, WASP, QUALs, MIKE 11, HSPF, CE-QUAL-W2, ELCOM-CAEDYM and EFDC. Each model is described according to its intended use, development, simulation elements, basic principles and applicability (e.g., for rivers, lakes, and reservoirs and estuaries). Currently, the most important trends for future model development are: (1) combination models—individual models cannot completely solve the complex situations so combined models are needed to obtain the most appropriate results, (2) application of artificial intelligence and mechanistic models combined with non-mechanistic models will provide more accurate results because of the realistic parameters derived from non-mechanistic models, and (3) integration with remote sensing, geographical information and global position systems (3S) —3S can solve problems requiring large amounts of data.

关键词： water quality models applications future trends

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Evaluation of ICUs and weight of quality control indicators: an exploratory study based on Chinese ICUquality data from 2015 to 2020

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期页码 675-684 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0970-x

摘要： This study aimed to explore key quality control factors that affected the prognosis of intensive care unit (ICU) patients in Chinese mainland over six years (2015−2020). The data for this study were from 31 provincial and municipal hospitals (3425 hospital ICUs) and included 2 110 685 ICU patients, for a total of 27 607 376 ICU hospitalization days. We found that 15 initially established quality control indicators were good predictors of patient prognosis, including percentage of ICU patients out of all inpatients (%), percentage of ICU bed occupancy of total inpatient bed occupancy (%), percentage of all ICU inpatients with an APACHE II score ≥15 (%), three-hour (surviving sepsis campaign) SSC bundle compliance (%), six-hour SSC bundle compliance (%), rate of microbe detection before antibiotics (%), percentage of drug deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis (%), percentage of unplanned endotracheal extubations (%), percentage of patients reintubated within 48 hours (%), unplanned transfers to the ICU (%), 48-h ICU readmission rate (%), ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (per 1000 ventilator days), catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI) (per 1000 catheter days), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) (per 1000 catheter days), in-hospital mortality (%). When exploratory factor analysis was applied, the 15 indicators were divided into 6 core elements that varied in weight regarding quality evaluation: nosocomial infection management (21.35%), compliance with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines (17.97%), ICU resources (17.46%), airway management (15.53%), prevention of deep-vein thrombosis (14.07%), and severity of patient condition (13.61%). Based on the different weights of the core elements associated with the 15 indicators, we developed an integrated quality scoring system defined as F score=21.35%×nosocomial infection management + 17.97%×compliance with SSC guidelines + 17.46%×ICU resources + 15.53%×airway management + 14.07%×DVT prevention + 13.61%×severity of patient condition. This evidence-based quality scoring system will help in assessing the key elements of quality management and establish a foundation for further optimization of the quality control indicator system.

关键词： critical care medicine quality control evaluation exploratory factor analysis (EFA) model

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Impact of energy structure adjustment on air quality: a case study in Beijing, China

Bin ZHAO, Jiayu XU, Jiming HAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 378-390 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0357-8

摘要： Energy consumption is a major cause of air pollution in Beijing, and the adjustment of the energy structure is of strategic importance to the reduction of carbon intensity and the improvement of air quality. In this paper, we explored the future trend of energy structure adjustment in Beijing till 2020, designed five energy scenarios focusing on the fuel substitution in power plants and heating sectors, established emission inventories, and utilized the Mesoscale Modeling System Generation 5 (MM5) and the Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) to evaluate the impact of these measures on air quality. By implementing this systematic energy structure adjustment, the emissions of PM , PM , SO , NO , and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) will decrease distinctly by 34.0%, 53.2%, 78.3%, 47.0%, and 30.6% respectively in the most coal-intensive scenario of 2020 compared with 2005. Correspondingly, MM5-Models-3/CMAQ simulations indicate significant reduction in the concentrations of major pollutants, implying that energy structure adjustment can play an important role in improving Beijing’s air quality. By fuel substitution for power plants and heating boilers, PM , PM , SO , NO , and NMVOCs will be reduced further, but slightly by 1.7%, 4.5%, 11.4%, 13.5%, and 8.8% respectively in the least coal-intensive scenario. The air quality impacts of different scenarios in 2020 resemble each other, indicating that the potential of air quality improvement due to structure adjustment in power plants and heating sectors is limited. However, the CO emission is 10.0% lower in the least coal-intensive scenario than in the most coal-intensive one, contributing to Beijing’s ambition to build a low carbon city. Except for energy structure adjustment, it is necessary to take further measures to ensure the attainment of air quality standards.

关键词： Beijing energy structure adjustment air quality Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) scenario

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中国制造业产品质量提升策略研究

张豪,张纲,蒋家东,宗习均

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第2期页码 38-47 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.02.002

摘要：

我国制造业产品质量参差不齐且与发达国家存在一定差距，提升制造业产品质量水平对推动我国制造业转型升级、强化制造业竞争内核、促进制造业高质量发展具有重要意义。本文以制造业高质量发展为出发点，在分析制造业质量发展特征的基础上，深入研究了我国制造业产品质量发展的态势以及面临的突出问题；结合制造业产品质量提升的国际经验，形成了制造业产品质量提升的若干发展建议。明确产品质量发展的战略定位，加强国家质量政策连贯性；聚焦未来产业发展需求，实施制造业质量提升率先行动计划；以数字化转型为牵引，加快推进质量管理理论、技术和工具创新；融合发展产业质量基础设施，筑牢制造业产品质量提升基础；推动质量生态环境再造，增强企业提高产品质量的意愿；发挥体制机制优势，实施制造业产品质量提高基础工程。

关键词：制造业，质量提升，产品质量，质量管理，质量基础设施

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Managing soil quality for humanity and the planet

Rattan LAL

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 251-253 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020329

摘要：

Rather than a human-centric, the basic strategy of achieving Sustainable Development Goals must be focused on restoring and sustaining planetary processes. The urgency of meeting the demands of the humanity must be reconciled with the necessity of enhancing the environment. Increasing and restoring soil organic matter content of the degraded and depleted soils is critical to strengthening planetary processes.

关键词： soil quality humanity planet climate change soil carbon sequestration food and nutritional security

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YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF ALMOND, PEACH AND PLUM UNDER REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 583-593 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020325

摘要：

The effects of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on the performance of almond cv. Tuono, peach cv. JH-Hall and plum cv. Stanley were assessed on the Saiss Plain (NW, Morocco) over three consecutive growing seasons (2011–2013). Irrigation treatments consisted of a control, irrigation applied to fully satisfy crop water requirements (100% ET_C), and two RDI treatments, irrigation applied to 75% ET_C (RDI-75) and 50% ET_C (RDI-50). These three treatments were applied during fruit-growth slowdown periods corresponding to Stages II and III in almond and Stage II in peach and plum. Yield and fruit quality traits were determined. The effect of RDI differed between species. Yield and fruit size were reduced significantly only in peach under RDI-50. Fruit quality improved in this species in the first year of the experiment, with an increase of sugar/acid ratio and polyphenol content. Plum quality also improved but the effects were significant only in the second and third years. Similar results were recorded in almond kernel, but their epidermal grooves were deeper under RDI-50, and this may have affected their commercial value. It is concluded that water can be saved during the fruit-growth slowdown period by up to 25% in peach and 50% in almond and plum with improvements in fruit quality without affecting total yield.

关键词： fruit quality / fruit yield / Prunus domestica / Prunus dulcis / Prunus persica / regulated deficit irrigation

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Clinical data quality problems and countermeasure for real world study

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 352-357 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0351-1

摘要：

Real world study (RWS) has become a hotspot for clinical research. Data quality plays a vital role in research achievement and other clinical research fields. In this paper, the common quality problems in the RWS of traditional Chinese medicine are discussed, and a countermeasure is proposed.

关键词： real world study traditional Chinese medicine clinical and research information sharing system data quality problem data quality control